تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

تحلیل رخداد بارش‌های رگباری در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

نویسندگان
دانشگاه یزد
چکیده
هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به‌دلیل موقعیت کوهستانی و تأثیرپذیری از سامانه‌های جوی مدیترانه‌ای و سودانی، طی سال‌های اخیر بارش‌های شدید و نوسانات هیدرولوژیکی قابل توجهی را تجربه کرده است. این شرایط منجر به وقوع سیلاب‌های ناگهانی و تهدید منابع آب در منطقه شده است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل شدت بارش‌های رگباری، برآورد مقادیر آن در دوره‌های بازگشت مختلف و ترسیم منحنی‌های شدتمدتفراوانی (IDF) و نقشه‌های پراکندگی فضایی برای چهار ایستگاه کوهرنگ، فارسان، شهرکرد و بروجن انجام گرفت.

روش پژوهش: داده‌های بارش طی یک دوره آماری ۲۰ ساله استخراج شد و شدت بارش برای تداوم‌های زمانی ۱۵ تا ۱۴۴۰ دقیقه محاسبه گردید. در ادامه، بیشینه شدت بارش در دوره‌های بازگشت ۲، ۵، ۱۰، ۲۵، ۵۰، ۱۰۰ و ۲۰۰ سال با بهره‌گیری از توزیع‌های آماری مختلف شامل گمبل، نرمال، پیرسون نوع ۵ و ویبول برآورد شد. افزون بر این، از روش‌های درون‌یابی مکانی برای نمایش الگوهای پراکندگی شدت بارش در سطح استان بهره گرفته شد.

یافته‌ها: نشان داد که توزیع گمبل بهترین برازش را با داده‌های مشاهده‌ای داشته است. همچنین مشخص گردید که با افزایش مدت زمان بارش، شدت بارش کاهش یافته و با افزایش دوره بازگشت، شدت افزایش یافته است. نتایج فضایی نیز حاکی از آن بود که بیشترین شدت بارش در نواحی مرتفع شمال‌غربی استان ایستگاه کوهرنگ رخ داده و به سمت جنوب و شرق کاهش یافته است.

نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از توزیع‌های آماری، به‌ویژه گمبل، امکان مدل‌سازی دقیق بارش‌های رگباری را در استان فراهم می‌کند. و طراحی سازه‌های هیدرولوژیکی باید بر اساس الگوهای پراکندگی شدت بارش در کل استان انجام گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of Convective Rainfall Events in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

نویسندگان English

Shokoufeh Omidi Ghaleh Mohammadi
Ahmad Mazidi*
kamal Omidvar
University of Yazd
چکیده English

Objective: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, due to its mountainous location and exposure to Mediterranean and Sudanese synoptic systems, has experienced intense rainfall events and considerable hydrological fluctuations in recent years. These conditions have often led to flash floods and posed serious threats to regional water resources. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze rainfall intensities, estimate their values for different return periods, and construct Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves as well as spatial distribution maps for four synoptic stations: Kouhrang, Farsan, Shahr-e-Kord, and Borujen.

Methods: Precipitation data over a 20-year period (2000–2020) were collected, and rainfall intensities were calculated for durations ranging from 15 to 1440 minutes. Maximum rainfall intensities corresponding to return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 years were then estimated using several statistical distributions, including Gumbel, Normal, Pearson type V, and Weibull. Goodness-of-fit tests were applied to identify the most suitable distribution. In addition, spatial interpolation methods within a GIS environment were employed to illustrate spatial patterns of rainfall intensity across the province.

Findings: Results indicated that the Gumbel distribution provided the best fit to the observed data. It was also revealed that rainfall intensity decreases with increasing duration, while it increases with longer return periods. Spatial analyses showed that the highest intensities occur in the northwestern mountainous areas, particularly at Kouhrang station, and gradually decrease toward the southern and eastern parts of the province.

Conclusion: The findings confirm that statistical distributions—particularly the Gumbel model—enable accurate modeling of extreme rainfall events in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Moreover, the spatial variability of rainfall intensity highlights the necessity of incorporating such patterns into hydrological infrastructure design, flood management, and water resource planning.

Keywords: Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF), Convective Rainfall, IDF Curves, Spatial Distribution, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Intensity-Duration-Frequency
Convective Rainfall
IDF Curves
Spatial distribution
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
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