تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

شبیه‌سازی عددی عملکرد برنامه های کنترلی جزیره گرمایی تابستانه کلان شهر تهران بوسیله ارزیابی شارهای حرارتی

نویسندگان
ولی اله شیخی 1
حسین ملکوتی 1
سرمد قادر 2
1 دانشگاه هرمزگان
2 دانشگاه تهران
10.29252/jsaeh.7.4.28.105
چکیده
افزایش میزان رشد جمعیت و در نتیجه توسعه نواحی شهری می توانند به شدت بر روی وقایع آب و هوایی تاثیر گذاشته و در نتیجه باعث تشدید پدیده­هایی مانند تنش گرمایی شوند. با توجه به تاثیرات مورد انتظار این پدیده بر سلامت انسان، ارائه راهکارهای عملیاتی تعدیل کننده جهت کنترل شرایط آینده بسیار حائز اهمیت می­ باشد. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف شبیه‌سازی تاثیر راهکارهای برنامه‌ریزی شهری بر فرایند‌های پویا در محیط شهری و در مقیاس محلی در شهر تهران با استفاده از مدل عددی میان‌مقیاس WRF انجام شد. شبیه‌سازی‌ها با استفاده از 4 دامنه تو در تو با یک رویکرد تعاملی دو طرفه اجرا شدند. در این مطالعه از یک مدل کنپی شهری تک لایه­ای ساده و یک رویکرد چند لایه‌ای پیشرفته‌تر به نام تعیین پارامتر ساختمانی (BEP) استفاده شد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی‌ها پس از مقایسه دو طرح شهری، با یک حساسیت‌سنجی برای راهبردهای مختلف، نشان داد که سناریوی تغییر سپیدایی سطوح، بیشترین تاثیر را روی سطح زمین در مقایسه با دو سناریوی افزایش مناطق سبز شهری و کاهش تراکم ساختمانی دارد. به دلیل موقعیت توپوگرافیکی خاص تهران و درجه حرارت کلی بالا در این منطقه، تهران در مقابل تنش گرمایی به میزان نسبتا بالایی آسیب‌پذیر است. اعمال اقدامات کنترلی می‌تواند شدت جزیره حرارتی را تا 3 درجه سانتی­گراد (در مقایسه با شدت جزیره حرارتی ° C5/5 برای حالت پایه) هنگام استفاده از رنگ‌های روشن با بازتابندگی بالا برای سقف و 1 درجه سانتی­گراد با جایگزینی سطوح غیر قابل نفوذ با پوشش گیاهی طبیعی در مناطق شهری تهران، کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تغییر اقلیم
سقف‌های روشن
جزیره حرارتی شهری
کاربری اراضی
مدل WRF

عنوان مقاله English

Numerical simulation of the adaptive and control strategies of Tehran metropolis summer heat island by evaluating heat fluxes

نویسندگان English

Valiollah sheikhy 1
hossein malakooti 1
sarmad ghader 2
1 University of Hormozgan
2 Tehran University
چکیده English

Abstract

Increasing population growth and consequently the development of urban areas can profoundly affect climate events and thus intensify phenomena such as heat stress. Given the expected effects of this phenomenon on human health, it is very important to provide mitigating operational solutions to control future conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of simulating the effect of urban planning solutions on dynamic processes in the urban environment and at the local scale in Tehran city using the WRF mid-scale numerical model. Simulations were performed using 4 nested domains with a two-way interactive nesting procedure. The study used a simple Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model and a more advanced multi-layered approach called Multi‐layer urban canopy (BEP). The results of the simulations, after comparing the two urban schemes with a sensitivity measurement for different strategies, showed that the surface reflectance change scenario has the greatest impact on the land surface compared to the two scenarios of increasing urban green areas and reducing building density. Due to Tehran's specific topographic location and high overall temperature in this region, Tehran is relatively vulnerable to heat stress. Compared to the intensity of 5.5 °C for base mode, applying control measures can reduce the intensity of UHI up to 3 °C when using bright colors with high reflectivity for the ceiling and 1 ° C by replacing impermeable surfaces with natural vegetation in urban areas of Tehran.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

Climate Change
Cool Roofs
Urban Heat Island
Land use
WRF model
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