تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

بررسی تغییر کاربری اراضی برپهنه بندی خطر وقوع سیل در حوضه آبخیز سامیان

نویسندگان
1 استاد،گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی،گروه جغرافیای طبیعی،دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت آب، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
هدف: تغییرات کاربری اراضی به عنوان یکی از عوامل انسانی باعث تشدید سیلاب می شود که می تواند الگوی رواناب و شدت وقوع سیل را به طور چشمگیری تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیرات تغییر کاربری اراضی بر پهنه بندی خطر وقوع سیل در بازه زمانی 2015 تا 2024 در حوضه آبخیز سامیان واقع در استان اردبیل است.

روش پژوهش: به منظور استخراج نقشه های کاربری اراضی از تصاویر ماهواره لندست 7و 8 وسنتینل2 برای سال های 2015و 2024 در محیط ارث انجین استفاده شد و طبقه بندی با استفاده از الگوریتم درخت تصمیم گیر(CART) انجام شد. سپس با استفاده از مدل توسعه یافته سیلاب ناگهانی و تلفیق لایه های اطلاعاتی شامل: شیب ،تجمع جریان ،کاربری اراضی ،نقشه زمین شناسی، انحنا دامنه، بافت خاک در محیط ArcMap نقشه پهنه بندی خطرسیلاب تهیه شد.

یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد بین سال های 2015 تا 2024 تغییرات قابل توجهی در کاربری اراضی رخ داده است. از جمله افزایش ۱۸٫۴۷٪ زمین های کشاورزی آبی ، 9٫38٪ مناطق مسکونی، 25٫85٪ مراتع کم تراکم و درمقابل کاهش 25٫21٪- اراضی دیم، 9٫14٪- مراتع متراکم و 98٫61٪- کلاس برف. این تغییرات منجربه افزایش مساحت پهنه های باخطر بالا شده است. دقت طبقه بندی کاربری اراضی نیز با دقت کلی و ضریب کاپای بالای 0٫98٪ اعتبار بالای نتایج به دست آمده را نشان می دهد.

نتیجه گیری: افزایش سطوح نفوذناپذیر و کاهش پوشش گیاهی طبیعی باعث افزایش رواناب سطحی و در نتیجه گسترش نواحی پرخطر شده است. مدل Mffpi با بهره گیری از عوامل محیطی و انسانی توانسته است ابزای موثر برای پیش بینی و مدیریت خطر سیلاب ارائه دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Change Impact on Flood Hazard Zonation in the Samian Watershed"

نویسندگان English

Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud 1
Fatemeh Samadi Shalveh Alia 2
Zeinab Hazbavi 3
1 Professor ، Department of Physical Geography ، Faculty of Social Sciences ، University of Mohaghegh Ardabili ، Ardabil ، Iran
2 Master's Student ، Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ، Department of Physical Geography ، Faculty of Social Sciences ، University of Mohaghegh Ardabili ، Ardabil ، Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: Land use/land cover (LULC) changes, as one of the main anthropogenic drivers, significantly influence runoff patterns and intensify flood hazards. This study aims to assess the impact of land use changes on flood hazard zonation over the period 2015 to 2024 in the Samian watershed, located in Ardabil Province, Iran.

Methodology: Satellite imagery from Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2 was utilized to extract land use maps for the years 2015 and 2024 using the Google Earth Engine platform. LULC classification was performed using the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm. Subsequently, the Modified Flash Flood Potential Index (MFFPI) model was applied by integrating key environmental layers, including slope, flow accumulation, land use, geology, curvature, and soil texture, within the ArcMap environment to generate flood hazard zonation maps.

Findings: The results indicated substantial LULC changes between 2015 and 2024, including an 18.47% increase in irrigated agricultural lands, a 9.38% increase in residential areas, and a 25.85% rise in sparse rangelands. In contrast, dry farming lands decreased by 25.21%, dense rangelands by 9.14%, and snow-covered areas by 98.61%. These changes have led to a notable expansion of high-risk flood zones. The LULC classification achieved a high overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient exceeding 0.98, indicating reliable results.

Conclusion: The expansion of impervious surfaces and reduction in natural vegetation cover have increased surface runoff and, consequently, the extent of high-risk flood-prone areas. The MFFPI model, by incorporating both environmental and anthropogenic factors, proved to be an effective tool for flood hazard prediction and management.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dynamic changes
Water Resources
Flooding potential
Landsat
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