تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی

ارزیابی مخاطرات محیطی در مقاصد گردشگری و راهکارهای کاهش آن در شهرستان دزفول

نویسندگان
1 گروه تروج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی ایران
2 گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
چکیده
هدف: ارزیابی مخاطرات در مقاصد گردشگری نقش مهمی در حفظ ایمنی گردشگران و پایداری محیط‌زیست ایفا می‌کند. شناسایی تهدیدات بالقوه مانند بلایای طبیعی، ازدحام جمعیت، آسیب‌های فرهنگی و مخاطرات اجتماعی، زمینه‌ساز برنامه‌ریزی دقیق‌تر و مدیریت مؤثرتر گردشگری است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی مخاطرات محیطی در مناطق گردشگری شهرستان دزفول انجام شده است.

روش پژوهش: جامعه آماری شامل گردشگران مناطق روستایی شهرستان دزفول بوده که براساس آمار سازمان میراث فرهنگی، سالانه بیش از ۱۰ میلیون نفر از این مناطق بازدید می‌کنند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان ۳۸۴ نفر تعیین شد و نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت تصادفی انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه، ۳۳ روستا در چهار بخش شهرستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.

یافته‌ها: باتوجه به نتایج بررسی فقط بخش چغامیش از نظر مخاطرات سیاسی باخطر بالا روبروست و سایر بخش‏ها دارای تهدید متوسط در این حوزه هستند. در حوزه مخاطرات مالی و اقتصادی موضوع متفاوت است و فقط بخش مرکزی با تهدید متوسط روبروست و سایر بخش ها دارای تهدید با سطح بالا روبرو هستند. اما مهمترین نتیجه این بررسی در حوزه مخاطرات اجتماعی خود را نشان داده، جایی که تمام بخش‏ها تهدید با سطح پائین را نشان داده اند که بیانگر امنیت مناسب و آسایش گردشگران در سفر به این شهرستان بوده است. همچنین نتایج مطالعه نشان دهنده سطح متوسط مخاطرات محیطی در بخش های شهیون و سردشت و چغامیش بوده و حتی در بخش مرکزی این مخاطرات در محدوده اولویت پایین قرار دارد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تاییدی راهکارهای کاهش مخاطرات گردشگری در شهرستان دزفول در عامل های عوامل اطلاع رسانی و آموزشی، عوامل قانونی و امنیتی، عوامل احتیاطی و عوامل زیرساختی طبقه‏بندی شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که مخاطرات اجتماعی در شهرستان دزفول در سطح پایینی قرار دارد و امنیت گردشگران تأمین شده است. با این حال، مخاطرات اقتصادی و محیطی در برخی بخش‌ها نیازمند توجه و مدیریت بیشتر هستند. اجرای راهکارهای پیشنهادی می‌تواند به بهبود کیفیت تجربه گردشگری و توسعه پایدار منطقه کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Environmental Risk Assessment in Tourism Destinations and Strategies for Reducing It in Dezful County

نویسنده English

Moslem Savari 1
چکیده English

Objective: Risk assessment in tourism destinations plays an important role in maintaining tourist safety and environmental sustainability. Identifying potential threats such as natural disasters, overcrowding, cultural damage, and social hazards provides the basis for more accurate planning and more effective tourism management. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing environmental risks in the tourist areas of Dezful County.

Methods: The statistical population included tourists from rural areas of Dezful County, which, according to the statistics of the Cultural Heritage Organization, are visited by more than 10 million people annually. The sample size was determined as 384 people using the Krejci and Morgan table, and sampling was carried out randomly. In this study, 33 villages in four districts of the county were examined. The data were analyzed using a questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: According to the results of the study, only the Choghamish district faces high political risks, and the other districts have a moderate threat in this area. In the area of financial and economic risks, the matter is different, and only the central district faces a moderate threat, and the other districts face a high level of threat. However, the most important result of this study was in the area of social risks, where all districts showed a low level of threat, which indicates appropriate security and comfort for tourists traveling to this city. The results of the study also show a moderate level of environmental risks in the Shahyoun, Sardasht, and Choghamish districts, and even in the central district, these risks are in the low priority range. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis of tourism risk reduction strategies in Dezful city were classified into information and educational factors, legal and security factors, precautionary factors, and infrastructure factors.

Conclusions: The present study showed that social risks in Dezful county are at a low level and the security of tourists is ensured. However, economic and environmental risks in some sectors require more attention and management. Implementing the proposed solutions can help improve the quality of the tourism experience and the sustainable development of the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Risk Reduction
rural tourists
tourist destinations
Natural hazards
Shushtar County
ـ سپیده قربانی گلزاری، کریم حسین زاده دلیر و بشیر بیک بابایی. (1398)، بررسی و تحلیلی بر چالش‌های توسعه توریسم شهری نمونه موردی: شهر تبریز، نشریه جغرافیایی فضای گردشگری، (30)8، 33-45.
ـ سحر ملکی ورکی،ابوالحسن فقیهی، غلامرضا معمارزاده طهران. (1402)، ارائه الگوی بومی مدیریت توسعه پایدار گردشگری در ایران، مجله مدیریت توسعه و تحول (1402)52، 21ـ13
- Adams, C. M., Larkin, S. L., Hoagland, P., & Sancewich, B. (2018). Assessing the economic consequences of harmful algal blooms: a summary of existing literature, research methods, data, and information gaps. Harmful algal blooms: a compendium desk reference, 337-354.
- Ali, A., Erenstein, O., (2017). Assessing farmer use of climate change adaptation practices and impacts on food security and poverty in Pakistan. Climate Risk Management 16, 183–194. doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2016.12.001.
- Alvarez, S., Bahja, F., & Fyall, A. (2022). A framework to identify destination vulnerability to hazards. Tourism Management, 90, 104469.
- Alvarez, S., Lupi, F., Solís, D., & Thomas, M. (2019). Valuing provision scenarios of coastal ecosystem services: the case of boat ramp closures due to harmful algae blooms in Florida. Water, 11(6), 1250.
- Avraham, E. (2017). Changing the conversation: How developing countries handle the international media during disasters, conflicts, and tourism crises. Journal of Information Policy, 7, 275–296. https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.7.2017.0275. JSTOR.
- Avraham, E., & Ketter, E. (2017). Destination image repair while combatting crises: Tourism marketing in Africa. Tourism Geographies, 19(5), 780-800.
- Aznar-Crespo, P., Aledo, A., & Melgarejo-Moreno, J. (2020). Social vulnerability to natural hazards in tourist destinations of developed regions. Science of the total Environment, 709, 135870.
- Barbhuiya, M. R., & Chatterjee, D. (2020). Vulnerability and resilience of the tourism sector in India: Effects of natural disasters and internal conflict. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100616.
- Bassil, C., Saleh, A. S., & Anwar, S. (2019). Terrorism and tourism demand: A case study of Lebanon, Turkey and Israel. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(1), 50-70.
- Below, R., Wirtz, A., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2009). Disaster category classification and peril terminology for operational purposes (No. UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain).
- Birkmann, J., Cardona, O. D., Carreño, M. L., Barbat, A. H., Pelling, M., Schneiderbauer, S., ... & Welle, T. (2013). Framing vulnerability, risk and societal responses: the MOVE framework. Natural hazards, 67(2), 193-211.
- Brown, C. E., Alvarez, S., Eluru, N., & Huang, A. (2021). The economic impacts of tropical cyclones on a mature destination, Florida, USA. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100562.
- Carlsen, J. (2006). Post-Tsunami tourism strategies for the Maldives. Tourism Review International, 10(1–2), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427206779307312
- Carlsen, J. C., & Hughes, M. (2008). Tourism market recovery in the Maldives after the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2–4), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1300/J073v23n02_11
- Cooper. C, Hall. M. (2024). The geopolitics and challenges of current issues in tourism. Current Issues in Tourism. 27(1). 1-6
- Corbet, S., O’Connell, J. F., Efthymiou, M., Guiomard, C., & Lucey, B. (2019). The impact of terrorism on European tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 1-17.
- Corbet, S., O’Connell, J. F., Efthymiou, M., Guiomard, C., & Lucey, B. (2019). The impact of terrorism on European tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 1-17.
- Cui. A, Fountain. J & Espiner. S. (2023). Communicating natural hazard risks to Chinese visitors: a case study from New Zealand. Front. Sustain. doi: 10.3389/frsut.2023.119212
- Denley, T. J., Woosnam, K. M., Ribeiro, M. A., Boley, B. B., Hehir, C., & Abrams, J. (2020). Individuals’ intentions to engage in last chance tourism: Applying the value-belief-norm model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1860-1881.
- Garza-Gil, M. D., Prada-Blanco, A., & Vázquez-Rodríguez, M. X. (2006). Estimating the short-term economic damages from the Prestige oil spill in the Galician fisheries and tourism. Ecological Economics, 58(4), 842-849.
- Hinder, S. L., Hays, G. C., Edwards, M., Roberts, E. C., Walne, A. W., & Gravenor, M. B. (2012). Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2(4), 271-275.
- Hirabayashi, Y., Mahendran, R., Koirala, S., Konoshima, L., Yamazaki, D., Watanabe, S., ... & Kanae, S. (2013). Global flood risk under climate change. Nature climate change, 3(9), 816-821.
- Huang, J. H., & Min, J. C. (2002). Earthquake devastation and recovery in tourism: The Taiwan case. Tourism Management, 23(2), 145-154.
- IPCC. (2013). AR5 climate change 2013: The physical science basis. https://www.ipcc.ch /report/ar5/wg1/. (Accessed 25 September 2020).
- Ivanov, S., Gavrilina, M., Webster, C., & Ralko, V. (2020). Impacts of political instability on the tourism industry in Ukraine. In Instability and Tourism (pp. 100-127). Routledge.
- Jeaheng, Y., & Han, H. (2020). Thai street food in the fast growing global food tourism industry: preference and behaviors of food tourists. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 641-655.
- Knutson, T. R., McBride, J. L., Chan, J., Emanuel, K., Holland, G., Landsea, C., et al. (2010). Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature Geoscience, 3(3), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo779
- Lanouar, C., & Goaied, M. (2019). Tourism, terrorism and political violence in Tunisia: Evidence from Markov-switching models. Tourism Management, 70, 404-418.
- Larkin, S. L., & Adams, C. M. (2007). Harmful algal blooms and coastal business: economic consequences in Florida. Society and Natural Resources, 20(9), 849-859.
- Lee, T. H.‚ (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development‚ Tour. Manag‚ Vol 34, Issue 3, Netherlands, Pp 37–46.
- Lin, Z., & Chen, Y.‚ (2017). Filieri, R. Resident-tourist value co-creation: The role of residents’ perceived tourism impacts and life satisfaction‚ Tour. Manag‚ Vol 61, Issue 7, Netherlands, Pp 436–442.
- Lu, Y., Yuan, J., Lu, X., Su, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., ... & Sweijd, N. (2018). Major threats of pollution and climate change to global coastal ecosystems and enhanced management for sustainability. Environmental Pollution, 239, 670-680.
- Lukoseviciute, G., Henriques, C. N., Pereira, L. N., & Panagopoulos, T. (2024). Participatory development and management of eco-cultural trails in sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 47, 100779.
- Mazzocchi, M., & Montini, A. (2001). Earthquake effects on tourism in central Italy. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(4), 1031–1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383 (01)00008-1
- Morgan, K. L., Larkin, S. L., & Adams, C. M. (2010). Red tides and participation in marine-based activities: Estimating the response of Southwest Florida residents. Harmful Algae, 9(3), 333-341.
- Nelson, D. R., Adger, W. N., & Brown, K. (2007). Adaptation to environmental change: contributions of a resilience framework. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 32(1), 395-419.
- Pennington-Gray, L., Thapa, B., Kaplanidou, K., Cahyanto, I., & McLaughlin, E. (2011). Crisis planning and preparedness in the United States tourism industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52(3), 312-320.
- Perles-Ribes, J. F., Ramon-Rodriguez, A. B., Such-Devesa, M. J., & Moreno-Izquierdo, L. (2019). Effects of political instability in consolidated destinations: The case of Catalonia (Spain). Tourism Management, 70, 134-139.
- Ribeiro, L. C. D. S., Souza, K. B. D., Domingues, E. P., & Magalhães, A. S. (2021). Blue water turns black: economic impact of oil spill on tourism and fishing in Brazilian Northeast. Current issues in tourism, 24(8), 1042-1047.
- Ritchie, B. W., Crotts, J. C., Zehrer, A., & Volsky, G. T. (2014). Understanding the effects of a tourism crisis: The impact of the BP oil spill on regional lodging demand. Journal of Travel Research, 53(1), 12-25.
- Robinson, L., & Jarvie, J. K. (2008). Post-disaster community tourism recovery: The tsunami and Arugam Bay, Sri Lanka. Disasters, 32(4), 631–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01058.x
- Schmude, J., Zavareh, S., Schwaiger, K. M., & Karl, M. (2020). Micro-level assessment of regional and local disaster impacts in tourist destinations. In Tourism in changing natural environments (pp. 98-116). Routledge.
- Seraphin, H. (2019). Natural disaster and destination management: The case of the Caribbean and hurricane Irma. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(1), 21-28.
- Sesana, E., Gagnon, A. S., Bonazza, A., & Hughes, J. J. (2020). An integrated approach for assessing the vulnerability of World Heritage Sites to climate change impacts. Journal of cultural heritage, 41, 211-224.
- UNDRR [United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction]. (2020). Hazard definition & classification review. Geneva, Switzerland: Technical Report.
- UNWTO. (2024). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, May 2024, 22(2).
- Wells, M. L., Trainer, V. L., Smayda, T. J., Karlson, B. S., Trick, C. G., Kudela, R. M., ... & Cochlan, W. P. (2015). Harmful algal blooms and climate change: Learning from the past and present to forecast the future. Harmful algae, 49, 68-93.
- Whitehead, J. C., Haab, T., Larkin, S. L., Loomis, J. B., Alvarez, S., & Ropicki, A. (2018). Estimating lost recreational use values of visitors to northwest florida due to the deepwater horizon oil spill using cancelled trip data. Marine Resource Economics, 33(2), 119-132.
- Xiao, X., Li, P., & Seekamp, E. (2024). Sustainable adaptation planning for cultural heritage in coastal tourism destinations under climate change: A mixed-paradigm of preservation and conservation optimization. Journal of Travel Research, 63(1), 215-233.
- Ziegler. A. D, Wasson. R J, Sundriyal. Y, Srivastava. P, Sasges. G, Ramchunder. S. J, Ong. C. E, Nepal. S.K, McAdoo. B. G, Gillen. J, Bishwokarma. D, Bhardwaj.A & Apollo. M. (2021). A call for reducing tourism risk to environmental hazards in the Himalaya. Environmental Hazards. doi: 10.1080/17477891.2021.1984196

مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ
انتشار آنلاین از 01 بهمن 1399